{"id":1981,"date":"2018-12-31T12:31:28","date_gmt":"2018-12-31T17:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/creatureandcreator.ca\/?page_id=1981"},"modified":"2019-03-28T11:05:04","modified_gmt":"2019-03-28T15:05:04","slug":"story-of-science","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/creatureandcreator.ca\/?page_id=1981","title":{"rendered":"Story of Science"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Pioneer Spacecraft Plaque <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

This LIFE course will consider how science has developed over the centuries. We have discovered much about how the world works, and we have learned many ways to control it. The illustrated plaque<\/a> on the 1972 Pioneer spacecraft was meant to show to other intelligent life who we are, where we come from and what we have learned. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The plaque suggests the state of human knowledge – the fruits of a long history of science. By considering this history, we may understand more clearly what we now know, and we may discover how to learn new things. The course is in two parts: sessions 1-8 in the winter of 2019 and 9-16 in the spring. The second part considers some later developments, but it is not necessary to have taken the first part to appreciate the second. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The notes for the sessions are available in pdf format. These may be found by linking on the pdf link at the end of the session summary. The pdfs can then be downloaded to your computer or device. A list of books<\/a> that you may want to look at is also available. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Beginnings<\/strong> \u2013 control and use of fire, stone tools, cave painting, shamans and scientists, agriculture and urbanization, pottery, invention of the wheel, the Indo-Europeans and their language, smelting of metals \u2013 bronze and iron ages, history of glass, cuneiform writing, Code of Hammurabi, trade routes, steel technology from India and Sri Lanka, invention of paper in China, Gutenberg Press and printing. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  2. Physiology<\/strong> \u2013 Prehistoric surgery and medicine, Enemas, soap, Aesculepius, Hippocrates, Galen and Humoral medicine, bloodletting, problems of doctrine, Leonardo da Vinci,<\/strong> Vesalius and human anatomy, resurrection of Anne Green, , Harvey and the circulation of blood, van Leeuwenhoek and his microscopes, Hooke and his Micrographia, <\/em>Schwann and cell theory, Rudolf Virchow: histology and pathology. pdf <\/a><\/li>
  3. Mathematics<\/strong> \u2013 Babylonian calculations, sexagesimal numbers, Pythagoras\u2019 theorem, Euclid, Aristotle\u2019s logic,<\/strong> Archimedes\u2019 estimation of pi, Chinese surveying, Hipparchus \u2013 trigonometry, Diophantus \u2013 algebra, zero and decimals from India and Persia, algorithms al-Khwarizmi, number theory (Eratosthenes\u2019 primes, Fermat), Descartes\u2019 analytic geometry, calculus (Leibniz vs Newton), probability, Boolean logic, set theory, G\u00f6del. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  4. Cosmos<\/strong> \u2013 Earth as a Sphere, Aristotle\u2019s theories, Eratosthenes and the measurement of the earth\u2019s circumference, Ptolemy\u2019s geocentrism, Aristarchus, Copernicus and heliocentrism, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Giordano Bruno, Galileo: his observations and his trial, Newton and gravity, discovery of Neptune, recession of the galaxies and current views of the Big Bang, life and death of stars, fate of planet Earth, Black Holes. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  5. Chemistry<\/strong> \u2013 ancient elements, Democritus\u2019 atomism, alchemy\u2019s Philosophers\u2019 Stone; Robert Boyle\u2019s Skeptical Chemyst<\/em>; resurrection, Priestley and Scheele: phlogiston and oxygen, Lavoisier, death of Napoleon, Dalton, Humphrey Davy \u2013 anesthetic gases and electrolysis, Avogadro\u2019s molecules, Mendeleev\u2019s Periodic Table, vitalism and organic chemistry, molecular bonds, Nobel\u2019s dynamite, van\u2019t Hoff, fertilizer \u2013 Fritz Haber. \u00a0pdf<\/a><\/li>
  6. Infection<\/strong> \u2013 bubonic plague, syphilis, smallpox \u2013 innoculation (Lady Montague) and vaccination( Jenner); puerperal fever and disinfectants: Semmelweis, Lister, Pasteur; Robert Koch and germ theory, von Behring and diphtheria, Connaught Laboratories, Malaria, Yellow Fever, informed consent; Ehrlich\u2019s magic bullet, Flu Pandemic, vaccines Polio vaccines (Salk, Sabin), controversies; HIV and AIDS \u2013 And the Band Played On. <\/em> pdf<\/a> <\/em><\/li>
  7. Electricity<\/strong> \u2013\u00a0 Thales of Miletus, William Gilbert and magnetism, electrostatics, Leyden jar, Abb\u00e9 Nollet\u2019s \u201celectric boy,\u201d Franklin and lightning, Galvani\u2019s animal electricity, Volta\u2019s bimetallic electricity, electromagnetism \u2013 Oersted, Amp\u00e8re, magnetic induction and motors \u2013 Faraday and Henry, electric generators, Tesla\u2019s alternating current, telegraph, Morse code, Edison\u2019s phonograph; Bell and the telephone, electric lighting. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  8. Energy<\/strong> \u2013 water and wind power; weight of air; Boyle\u2019s law, Charles\u2019s law;\u00a0 Newcomen and Watt steam engines; behavior of ideal gases; absolute zero; Joule\u2019s equivalence of electrical and mechanical energy; Helmholtz and the conservation of energy, thermodynamics; blast furnace and Bessemer process; railways and steamships; internal combustion engine; turbojets; present day sources of energy \u2013 solar and wind power. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  9. Metabolism<\/strong> \u2013 Joseph Wright\u2019s painting of An Experiment on a Bird<\/em>, Bacon\u2019s Novum Organum<\/em>, initial studies of blood and respiration, idea of man as machine, Lind and scurvy; beriberi, vitamins; enzymes, cellular respiration; sugar and the triangular trade, Hormones, Banting and Best and the discovery of insulin, thyroid hormones Djerassi\u2019s invention of the contraceptive pill; hemoglobin and the transport of oxygen. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  10. Earth <\/strong>\u2013 Age of the world, theories of the Flood; Bishop Ussher, volcanism, Thomas Hutton; Cavendish weighs the Earth; Smith\u2019s geological map, Lyell\u2019s The Principles of Geology<\/em>, strata, geologic time; radio-isotope dating; age of the Earth; continental drift \u2013 Alfred Wegener, plate tectonics: Pangaea; ecology \u2013 Rachel Carson and Silent Spring<\/em>, the Anthropocene, Global Warming. pdf<\/a> <\/li>
  11. Evolution<\/strong> \u2013 Creation myths, Malthus population growth; Paley\u2019s Natural Theology<\/em>, Darwin and Wallace and natural selection \u2013 The Origin of Species<\/em>; controversies \u2013 Wilberforce vs Huxley; early developments \u2013 chromosomes, somatic and germ cells, ontogeny; Mendel\u2019s genetics \u2013 dominant\/recessive, the new synthesis, population genetics; eugenics; Octopus eye; abiogenesis,evolution vs design; Inherit the Wind<\/em>. <\/strong>pdf<\/a><\/li>
  12. Communication<\/strong> \u2013 Newton\u2019s light and color, waves vs particles, two-slit interference, infrared and ultraviolet, velocity of light, Michelson Morley experiment; James Clerk Maxwell and electromagnetic radiation, Hertz and waves, Einstein\u2019s photons, radio (Marconi), amplitude\/frequency modulation; diodes and triodes, electronic circuits; semiconductors; Shockley\u2019s transistors, integrated circuits, television, mobile phones. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  13. Atoms<\/strong> \u2013 Greek ideas; Dalton, J.J. Thomson and electrons, oil-drop experiment, R\u00f6ntgen\u2019s X-rays, Radioactivity: Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie, Rutherford; Bohr\u2019s electron orbits; models of the atom from J. J. Thomson to Schr\u00f6dinger; waves and particles (de Broglie); Quantum mechanics: Bohr-Einstein debates, Lise Meitner and fission, Atomic Bomb; cloud chambers and particles \u2013 from positrons to quarks. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  14. Life <\/strong>\u2013 chromosomes, mitosis and mitosis, Drosophilia melanogaster, macromolecules instead of colloids, DNA as the genetic material, x-ray crystallography \u2013 the Braggs, Lonsdale Hodgkin and Rosalind Franklin; Photograph 51; Watson and Crick and the double helix of DNA, transcription and translation; electron microscopy and ribosomes, coding mechanisms; the human genome; CRISPR techniques for gene editing. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  15. Computers<\/strong> \u2013 abacus; John Napier \u2013 logarithms and the slide rule: Napier\u2019s bones; Euler and the constant e; Charles Babbage\u2019s Differential Engine and Analytical Engine; Ada Lovelace; mechanical calculators; binary arithmetic and Boolean logic; Alan Turing; \u00a0John von Neumann and early electronic computers; personal computer; Bill Gates and Windows; Steve Jobs and Apple Corporation; the internet; artificial intelligence. pdf<\/a><\/li>
  16. Brain<\/strong> \u2013 neuroanatomy of Galen; Middle Ages and the ventricles; Thomas Willis; Galvani\u2019s bioelectricity, Du Bois Reymond and Helmholtz, electroencephalography; localization of function \u2013 phrenology; localization of speech, electrical stimulation of the brain; neuronal and network theories \u2013 Golgi and Cajal; integration and coding \u2013 Sherrington and Adrian; action potentials; synapses; brain images (CAT scans and MRI). pdf <\/a> <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

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