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Cézanne

Jan 28, 2023 / terry / One comment

Paul Cézanne (1839-1906) learned to experience nature with the vividness of the Impressionists but evolved his own individual style of painting. How he perceived the world was as important as the way it appeared. For most of his life he lived and painted in Aix-en-Provence. He had no students and his work became recognized only toward the end of his life. Nevertheless, many of the proponents of the modernist movement that began in the first decade of the 20^th Century acknowledged Cézanne as their artistic father (Hook, 2021). This post comments on some of his paintings.

Category: Art, History, Painting, Philosophy, Poetry / Tags: Aix-en-Provence, Apples, Bathers, Camille Pissarro, Chardin, Impressionism, Manet, Maurice Denis, Modernism, Mont Sainte Victoire, Paul Cezanne, Pontoise, Still Life

Apostola Apostolorum

Dec 9, 2022 / terry / 3 comments

Apostola apostolorum

In the gospels of the Christian New Testament, Mary Magdalene was the first person to recognize the risen Christ. He told her to tell the disciples the news of his resurrection, thus honoring her as the “apostle to the apostles.” In the Gnostic Gospels she appears as a visionary disciple of Jesus. In the centuries after her life, her story was conflated with that of the sinful woman who anointed the feet of Jesus at a feast in the house of Simon, and Mary thus became a model of repentance. This posting discusses these and other ways in which we conceive of Mary Magdalene.

Category: Art, Painting, Poetry, Religion, Sculpture / Tags: Da Vinci Code, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Fra Angelico, Gnostic Gopels, Holy Grail, Joseph of Arimathea, Mary Magdalene, Noli me tangere, Titian

Belief and Heresy

Nov 16, 2022 / terry / 2 comments

Religious belief differs from everyday belief. Since it cannot be tested or independently confirmed, religious belief must be accepted on faith. Religious belief generally starts with a few powerful and attractive ideas. For example: would it not be wonderful if we did not have to die? As time passes these foundational principles are elaborated and bolstered by other equally untestable beliefs to form a relatively coherent set of teachings. These “doctrines” can then organize communities of the faithful, govern the behavior of believers, and attract new converts. Some believers may choose to interpret the foundational ideas of a faith differently from the system of beliefs that are considered “orthodox” (Greek: ortho straight, correct + doxa, opinion). Beliefs that differ from the orthodox are termed heretical (Greek: hairesis, choice). Heresies are usually considered dangerous since they can easily disrupt the accepted doctrine and question the power of those who promote orthodoxy. Heresy occurs in the history of all the world’s religions (Henderson, 1988) This post limits itself to the early Christian beliefs and heresies about the nature of God, particularly those concerning the Trinity.

Category: Art, History, Painting, Philosophy, Religion / Tags: Arianism, Arius, Carafa Chapel, Constantine, Filippino Lippi, Historical Jesus, Justin Martyr, Nicene Creed, Ravenna, Sabellius, Son of God, Son of Man, Theology, Trinity

The White Monks

Oct 18, 2022 / terry / No comments

In 1098 a small group of monks left the Benedictine monastery of Molesme in Burgundy to live in the forest of Cîteaux (Latin Cistercium) just south of Dijon. They considered their original home too lax and luxurious, and wished to return to the austere life of solitude, chastity, poverty and manual labor that St Benedict had originally proposed in the 6^th Century. They distinguished themselves from the Benedictines by wearing undyed white robes rather than black. Over the next hundred and fifty years, the small monastery founded by these “white monks” at Cîteaux became the center of the Cistercian Order, which linked together over 500 abbeys in Europe, extending from Portugal to Estonia and from Sicily to Norway. The Cistercians were noted for the proficiency of their agriculture, the fervor of their scholarship, and the beauty of their buildings. This post comments on their achievements.

Category: Architecture, Art, History, Photography, Religion / Tags: Benedictines, Cistercians, Cloisters, Desert Fathers, Dissolution of the monasteries, Lay-brothers, Le Thoronet, Lucien Herve, Monasteries, Saint Bernard, Stephen Harding

Frames of Reference: The Art of William Kurelek

Sep 8, 2022 / terry / 2 comments

Frames of Reference: The Art of William Kurelek

This post discusses the life and work of William Kurelek (1927-1977), one of the most distinctive and prolific Canadian painters of the latter half of the 20^th Century. Kurelek was a figurative artist during the heyday of Abstract Expressionism, and a fervent Christian artist in the years of unbridled secularism. His work should be considered in the context of a life framed by memory, madness and religion (Kurelek, 1980; Morley, 1986). The post contains illustrations of many of his paintings, which can speak for themselves independently of my commentary.

Category: Art, Painting, Poetry, Psychiatry, Religion / Tags: Canadian Prairies, Gospel of Matthew, madness, Maudsley Hospital, memory, naive art, Passion of Christ, Toronto, trompe-l'oeil, William Kurelek

The Divine Feminine

Aug 15, 2022 / terry / No comments

All the major religions of the present world are androcentric in nature and misogynistic in practice. The following are some typical injunctions in the Christian scriptures:

Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience as also saith the law.
And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church. (I Corinthians 14: 34-35)

Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection.
But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. (1 Timothy 2: 11-12)

These rulings are in spite of (or perhaps because of) women being more attentive to religious teachings, and participating more often in religious services than men (Pew Research Foundation, 2016). The two passages nevertheless serve a purpose – they provide clear evidence that the New Testament does not always represent the word of God.

The androcentricity of organized religion differs completely from prehistoric religious beliefs, wherein God was more likely female than male (Stone, 1978). Over recent centuries, however, female aspects of the godhead have become more and more recognized. This posting briefly considers some of the manifestations of the divine feminine, and mentions what might be involved in a feminist theology.

Category: Art, Literature, Music, Painting, Religion, Sculpture / Tags: Buddhism, Christianity, Eternal Feminine, Feminist Theology, Goethe's Faust, Gounod, Hinduism, Judaism, Kabbalah, Mahler, Primordial Mother, Sophia, Theosophy, Venus Figurines, Virgin Mary, Wisdom

Searching for the Dao

Jul 1, 2022 / terry / No comments

This post presents some ideas about the Dào (“Way”) as described in the Dàodéjīng (“Book of the Way and its Virtue”), that legend claims was composed by Lǎozī in the 5^th Century BCE. The Dào cannot be explained in words. But that has never stopped anyone from writing about it.

Category: Art, History, Language, Literature, Painting, Philosophy, Religion, Sculpture / Tags: Ancient China, Chinese Calligraphy, Chinese Painting, Daodejing, Daoism, Lao Tzu, Laozi, Ni Zan, Tao Te Ching, virtue

Marcus Aurelius

Apr 26, 2022 / terry / No comments

Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) is one of the most famous of the Roman Emperors. Some of his renown is related to the many representations of the Emperor that have persisted to the present day: the Aurelian Column documenting the Marcomannic Wars he waged on the Northern frontiers of the Empire; the bas-reliefs that were initially mounted on a triumphal arch in Rome, and later preserved when the arch was destroyed; and the equestrian statue that, from the Renaissance, was displayed in Rome’s Piazza de Campidoglio on a pedestal designed by Michelangelo. Most of Marcus’ fame, however, derives from the book that he wrote during the many years when he campaigned against the Germanic Tribes who threatened to cross the Danube and invade the Empire. This book, which has come to be known as the Meditations, presents a philosophy that derives from Greek Stoicism: to live each day as if it were one’s last, to act in accord with nature, not to become upset by whatever happens, and to help others as best one can.

Category: Art, Ethics, History, Literature, Philosophy, Sculpture / Tags: Antonine Plague, Aurelian Column, Commodus, Equestrian statue, logos, Marcomannic Wars, Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Pius Antoninus, Roman Empire, Stoicism, Zeno

Michelangelo: The Late Pietàs

Mar 4, 2022 / terry / 3 comments

Toward the end of his life, Michelangelo (1475-1564) attempted to sculpt a marble representation of the Pietà – the moment when Christ’s lifeless body is taken from the cross and held by his mother. In this endeavour he was returning to the subject of the sculpture that first brought him fame – the Rome Pietà of 1499. The ageing sculptor was unable to complete his task. One of his efforts – the Florentine Pietà of – he broke into pieces in 1555. A second attempt – the Rondanini Pietà – was still unfinished when he died in 1564. Both sculptures have an intense emotional power.

Category: Art, Photography, Poetry, Religion, Sculpture / Tags: Deposition, Entombment, Florentine Pieta, Michelangelo, Non Finito, Poetry, Rondanini Pieta

On this Short Day

Dec 21, 2021 / terry / 2 comments

One of my most pleasant pastimes is reading poetry. For several years now, I have been putting together a collection of poems that I have enjoyed at various times in my life, and I have added some comments about each of them.

I realize that most people do not read poetry. However, on the off-chance that you might like it, the anthology is available in pdf format by clicking on the link below. Once the file is opened you can save it to your own device.

On this short day of frost and sun Text 1.1

Although the pdf can be read by any pdf reader, it is probably best looked at two-pages at a time (like a book) using Adobe Acrobat Reader DC (free) and a relatively large screen. To do this, follow the instructions given at the beginning of the book. Adobe also allows you to search for particular poems by title or by author.

As noted in the preface, I also have sound-files containing recitations of all the poems, many by the authors, themselves. Early in the new year I shall find some way of embedding these in a larger “text and sound” pdf.

Category: Art, Literature, Painting, Poetry, Religion, Sculpture / Tags: Auden, Ecphrasis, Frost, Hopkins, Rhythm, Shakespeare, Sonnets, Yeats

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